Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the skin, causing it to grow too quickly. This leads to the build-up of thick, scaly patches that can appear red, inflamed, and itchy. Although psoriasis can develop at any age, it is most diagnosed in adults. The condition is not contagious but can significantly impact the quality of life.
Psoriasis manifests in several distinct types
- Plaque Psoriasis
The most common type, characterised by raised, red patches covered with a silvery-white build-up of dead skin cells.
- Guttate Psoriasis
Appears as small, dot-like lesions, often triggered by infections such as strep throat.
- Inverse Psoriasis
Occurs in skin folds, such as under the breasts or around the groin, presenting as red, shiny lesions.
- Pustular Psoriasis
Marked by white pustules (blisters filled with non-infectious pus) surrounded by inflamed skin.
- Erythrodermic Psoriasis
A severe, rare form that causes widespread redness, shedding, and severe discomfort.
Key contributors include:
The exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
- Immune System Dysfunction: Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, accelerating skin cell production.
- Genetics: A family history of psoriasis increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
- Triggers: Factors such as stress, infections, cold weather, certain medications (e.g., beta-blockers), smoking, and alcohol can exacerbate or trigger psoriasis.
While there is no cure for psoriasis, various treatments can help manage symptoms and improve skin appearance.
The choice of treatment depends on the severity and type of psoriasis. Options include:
Topical Treatments
- Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
- Vitamin D analogues (e.g., calcipotriol) to slow skin cell growth.
- Coal tar and salicylic acid to alleviate scaling and itching.
Phototherapy
- NB-UVB light therapy to slow skin cell turnover.
- PUVA therapy (psoralen combined with UVA light) for more severe cases.
Systemic Medications (for moderate to severe cases):
- Oral or injectable medications such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, or acitretin.
- Biologic therapies blocking specific immune pathways, including TNF-alpha inhibitors (e.g., adalimumab) and IL-17/IL-23 inhibitors (e.g., secukinumab, guselkumab).
- Targeted therapies like TYK2 inhibitors (e.g., deucravacitinib) and PDE4 inhibitors (e.g., apremilast), which modulate specific immune pathways with fewer systemic side effects.
Lifestyle Modifications
- Cleansing (soap-free) & moisturising with a sensitive, gentle product to prevent dryness.
- Managing stress through mindfulness or therapy.
- Avoiding known triggers such as smoking, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption.
A tailored treatment plan developed in consultation with a dermatologist can help patients achieve effective control over their psoriasis. Organise a referral from your GP to streamline a consult with our dermatologist today.
